Cooperation
What we will be doing today: Developing a feeling of group connectedness, group
solidarity; practising a team work; joint creating and group resolution of problem situations.
We are focus-ing on role of the leader in group work.
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We think up a group story. Someone begins a story with a sentence, for example. "It
was a beautiful and sunny morning..." He/she throws the ball to somebody else who continues the
story, and then throws it on to a third person in the circle, and so on in turn, until the
teacher decides the story is finished.
Feedback: How did you like creating a group story? Think of the name you could
give to this story and tell us.
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Guided drawing. We divide up into groups of 4. Each group gathers around one large
piece of paper and a box of crayons. Each child selects the colour they like best and then
raises their hand above the paper in a position in which their arm feels comfortable. The
teacher says: "Let your hand come down on the paper slowly, as if it were a feather or leaf
falling. Slowly touch the crayon onto the paper. Imagine that it is a little insect egg swaying
in the threads of a spider's web. Let your hand follow the rhythm of the following story,
drawing as is appropriate in connection with the story. Here is the sun, a ray falls on the
insect and from it slowly emerges an unusual shape, strange, now prettier ... But look, it is
only the cocoon from which a real butterfly jumps out with big brown wings with blue spots. It
begins to stretch out by the branch where the spider web was, then flies away, at first
awkwardly, then with more vitality. The butterfly flies up, then down, in circles around a
white sheet on a balcony, then lands on the sheet. Then the wind blows and it flies further
away toward a shaking tree and then from flower to flower. It sees another butterfly and starts
to play with it. Flies off high, then lands, and then behind him comes a little yellow
butterfly." While the teacher is talking, the children draw with their eyes closed, or -
if they wish - with their eyes open, changing colours if they like. The children finish the
drawing and remove their hand from the paper. "The butterflies have all at once disappeared
because a man came with a butterfly net."
Then the children turn the paper in all directions, looking at the jointly created drawing.
Each child finds an area which is interesting for him/her to develop further. The area which
seems to him/her most attractive is not necessarily the one he/she drew. Everyone finishes an
image which can be seen inside the picture. He/she can use various colours to complete the
image. Everyone finds a name for her/his image, and then the group collectively gives a name
to their picture.
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Choosing a drawing that somebody else began, creates a foundation for communication and mutual
trust. The technique of drawing where imagination transfers into rhythmical movements is a very
well known technique of art therapy for children. This unique use of drawing is based on the
idea of the child's natural rhythm and emotional range.
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Tower building. Pupils form groups of five. Each group is given the same amount of old
newspapers and adhesive tape. They have three minutes to build the highest tower possible.
Before that they are given three minutes to discuss the task (how are they going to build it,
whose idea is the best, whose executive plan etc.). They all start at the leader's signal. If
there are some pupils who can not fit into any group (because the number of group members
should be five) they are declared to be monitors for all groups.
Feedback discussion: How did you feel working in a team? How did you feel
during preparations and how about the building process itself? Did anyone start acting like the
leader? Did anyone insist on his/her idea or did he/she take initiative? Did anyone encourage
the whole group? Did you feel it more like a competition or like co-operation? What experience
did you have?

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Person No1. We ask for 7 volunteers to be actors. They are given (outside the
classroom) instructions about what they must do. Instruc-tions are also given to the observers
who remain sitting in the room. The actors divide the roles among themselves as they wish: the
point is that the seven people are on a jury to name the "Person of the Year." The roles can
be: an editor of the main daily and/or weekly newspapers, a TV director, a Minister of Culture,
the most well known actress, a world champion in some sport, etc. They must decide who will be
the person of the year in 5 minutes. They sit in the middle of the circle and discuss the
criteria for selection and who they will name. Then they announce their decision to the
observers. If a quarrel develops the teacher intervenes with a signal to STOP.
The observers are directed to watch: who speaks the most often, who steals the floor, who
takes over the leadership, what was the atmosphere like while the group was making its decision,
did a conflict break out, how much collaboration did there seem to be?
Discussion after the activity: How did you feel as a member of the jury? Did
you feel that someone was exerting pressure on you? Who decided on the result? Was there any
friction or conflict between the jury? What did the observers notice? Who imposed his/her will?
How was the collaboration?
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Statues.Divide pupils in two groups. Let each group decide (secretly) what animal
they are going to represent using their own bodies as the creative material (someone will be
the tail, someone the head, etc.). Give them two minutes for discussion and then two minutes
for the first group to present its animal. The other group should guess out what the animal is.
In the next two minutes the groups swap roles - the first group should guess what animal the
second group presents. Be careful that during their preparatory pupils keep their voices down.
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Make a show. Divide pupils in two groups (be careful that the groups do not stay the
same as in the previous action). Group A is given the text "Learning from the goose" to read
and to mime for the other group. Group B is given the text "Interbeing" with the similar task:
to make a public speech. They can choose one or more speakers to tell in their own words the
meaning of interbeing to the imagined people of the square. Give both groups some time to
discuss how they will perform using all members of the group. After both shows are over, the
groups exchange the texts to see what exactly they were about.

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LEARNING FROM THE GEESE
A flock of wild geese are flying in the formation of the letter V. With outspread flapping
wings each bird creates an updraft and helps the bird flying behind her. While the geese fly
together, the range of their flight is 71% greater than if one bird was flying alone.
People who have similar goals and a similar sense for community building relationships
can achieve them much easier and faster when they offer each other support and confidence.
When a wild goose leaves its formation, it immediately feels weight and effort, so it quickly
returns in order to make use of the advantage of the updraft created by the bird in front.
If we have at least as much intelligence as the geese have, we will remain in formation
with those who are going in the same direction as we want to go in, and we will accept their
help just as we will extend ours to them.
When the goose at the head of the flock gets tired, she drops back to any other position in
the formation, and another goose takes the spot at the head.
Let's accept the fact that everybody takes a turn at doing difficult jobs, and that we
must share leadership amongst ourselves--because with people, as with geese, there exists
interdependence.
The goose who flies at the end of the flock quacks from time to time to give encouragement
to the geese in front of it to maintain a steady speed.
Be sure that our voices coming from the last rows give encouragement, and nothing else.
If some goose from the formation falls ill, is wounded, or hit, two other geese will go out
of the formation and follow her to help and protect her. They remain with her until she is able
to fly or until she perishes. Only then do they continue on the journey and fly by themselves or
join another formation.
If we have at least as much intelligence as the geese have, we will also - when being in
trouble - remain with one another, just as we always remain together when we are happy.
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Interbeing
If you are a poet, you will see that there is a cloud floating in this sheet of paper.
Without a cloud, there will be no rain; without rain, the trees cannot grow; and without trees,
we cannot make paper. The cloud is essential for the paper to exist. If the cloud is not here,
the sheet of paper cannot be here either. So we can say that the cloud and the paper
inter-are. "Interbeing" is a word that is not in the dictionary yet, but if we combine
the prefix "inter-" with the verb "to be," we have a new verb, inter-be.
If we look into this sheet of paper even more deeply, we can see the sunshine in it. Without
sunshine, the forest cannot grow. In fact, nothing can grow without sunshine. And so, we know
that the sunshine is also in this sheet of paper. The paper and the sunshine inter-are. And if
we continue to look, we can see the logger who cut the tree and brought it to the mill to be
transformed into paper. And we see wheat. We know that the logger cannot exist without his daily
bread, and therefore the wheat that became his bread is also in this sheet of paper. The logger's
father and mother are in it too. When we look in this way, we see that without all of these
things, this sheet of paper cannot exist.
Looking ever more deeply, we can see ourselves in this sheet of paper too. This is not
difficult to see, because when we look at a sheet of paper, it is part of our perception. Your
mind is in here and mine is also. So we can say that everything is in here with this sheet of
paper. We cannot point out one thing that is not here - time, space, the earth, the rain, the
minerals in the soil, the sunshine, the cloud, the river, the heat. Everything co-exists with
this sheet of paper. That is why I think the word inter-be should be in the dictionary.
"To be" is to inter-be. We cannot just be by ourselves alone. We have to inter-be with every
other thing. This sheet of paper is, because everything else is.
Suppose we try to return one of the elements to its source. Suppose we return the sunshine
to the sun. Do you think that this sheet of paper will be possible? No, without sunshine nothing
can be. And if we return the logger to his mother, then we have no sheet of paper either. The
fact is that this sheet of paper is made up only of "non-paper" elements. And if we return
these non-paper elements to their sources, then there can be no paper at all. Without non-paper
elements, like mind, logger, sunshine and so on, there will be no paper. As thin as this sheet
of paper is, it contains everything in the universe in it.
THICH NHAT HANH: Peace is Every Step (Parallax Press, Berkeley)
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Part 1:
[Workshop 1]
[Workshop 2]
[Workshop 3]
[Workshop 4]
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